The Theft of Wheat

How Basajaun taught agriculture to humankind


El robo del trigo

Quick facts

  • Place: Bosques de Euskal Herria
  • Nombre en euskera: Gariaren lapurreta
  • Seres implicados: Basajaun, San Martinico
  • Motivos: origen de la agricultura, astucia, secreto
  • Cronología: Tradición oral ancestral
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The legend

In the most ancient times, when humans still did not know the secrets of the earth, Basajaun jealously guarded the knowledge of wheat cultivation in his wooded domains. People lived by gathering and hunting, unaware that beneath the soil slept seeds capable of feeding whole communities.

One day, a clever youth named San Martinico, or Martintxiki in Basque, decided it was time for human beings to obtain that valuable knowledge. He approached the forests where Basajaun cultivated his hidden fields and watched how the shaggy giant sowed the golden seeds in perfect furrows.

Martintxiki waited until the Lord of the Forest had fallen asleep after his hard labour. Then, with the stealth of a wildcat, he slipped to the giant's granary and filled his pouch with wheat seeds. But Basajaun awoke and, in fury, hurled his axe at the fleeing thief.

The axe grazed the youth?s heel, yet the seeds had already reached human hands. Knowing he could no longer recover what had been stolen, Basajaun shouted: ?Martinico, Martinico, have you sown the wheat yet?? In his anger he also revealed the proper moment for sowing. Thus agriculture was born among the Basques, a gift wrested from the Lord of the Forest by cunning.

Associated places

Selva de Irati

Irati Forest

The ancestral forest where Basajaun cultivated his hidden fields.

Monte Gorbea

Mount Gorbea

A sacred summit linked to the legends of the Lord of the Forest.

Related creatures

Sources and documentation

  • J.M. Barandiaran (1972): Mitología Vasca
  • R.M. Azkue: Euskalerriaren Yakintza
  • J. Caro Baroja: Algunos mitos españoles

The daring theft of the seed that fed humankind

The Basque mythical origin of agriculture.

The wound in the heel as the mark of the price paid.

A seed that changed the fate of an entire species

Why the lunar calendar is still followed for sowing.

The Basque version of the Promethean theft has as its protagonist not a flame but a grain of wheat. The Jentilak or Basajaun jealously guarded the secret of cereal cultivation, while early humans lived without it, depending entirely on what nature gave without planning or foresight.